Robert O. Wilson (October 5, 1904 – November 16, 1967) was born in Nanjing to two American Protestant missionaries, although he later moved to the United States to attend Princeton University. After obtaining his M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1929 and completing his residency in the states, Wilson moved back to Nanjing where joined the staff of the Nanjing University Hospital. He and his small team treated many massacre victims throughout his two year tenure until Wilson's departure for Shanghai in June 1938.